Hematuria may happen once or it may be recurrent. It can indicate different problems in men and women. Causes of this condition range from non–life threatening (e.g., urinary tract infection) to profoundly serious (e.g., cancer, kidney disease). Therefore, once detected a healthcare provider should be consulted as soon as possible. A thorough evaluation may include urine tests, blood tests, x-rays, or a cystoscopy (a procedure which provides a visualization of the bladder).

The most common causes of hematuria include enlarged prostate, kidney and bladder stones, kidney disease, medications (blood thinners and arthritic medications, trauma (e.g., a blow to the kidneys), and tumors and/or cancer in the urinary system.

The treatment of hematuria depends on the cause of the bleeding and where the bleeding is located. Since hematuria is not a disease in itself, bleeding can only be stopped when the underlying condition is found and treated.